Chapter 2 - Knowledge Workers and Information Management

information management system - processes, procedures, and technologies for communications and information processing

individual information management system
organizational information management system

Applying Information Technology to Knowledge Work Productivity

Description of a Knowledge Work Position (managing, reporting, supervising, auditing, collaborating, and directing individual analytical and writing activities)
LIST TASKS AND ACTIVITIES OF AN INTERNAL AUDIT MANAGER (PG. 42)

Examples of Productivity Improvement with Information Technology

Table 2-1 Impact of Computer on Knowledge Work Productivity

Productivity Source Task: Schedule Own Work and Audit Work

Efficiency--less time and effort
More Effective--more complete and timely Use scheduling software to do scheduling

Efficiency--less time and effort; fewer errors Use time managemenet software to track time use by self and staff

Efficiency--less time and effort; reuse of data, and less redundancy Prepare summaries and reports using word processing and spreadsheet software. Transfer data from scheduling and time management package

Productivity Source Task: Maintain audit programs, audit policies, and company audit and control policies and procedures

Productivity Source Task: On-site review of audit and audit results with management and personnel within scope of audit

Productivity Source Task: Prepare Personal Travel Expense REports, Review Audit Staff Reports, and Prepare Department Travel Reports

Productivity Source Task: Review, Edit and Revise Audit Reports

Productivity Source Task: Special Assignments for Analysis and Evaluations

Table 2-1 Impact of Computer on Knowledge Work Productivity
Productivity Source	Task: Schedule Own Work and Audit Work
Efficiency--less time and effort More Effective--more complete and timely	Use scheduling software to do scheduling
Efficiency--less time and effort; fewer errors	Use time managemenet software to track time use by self and staff
Efficiency--less time and effort; reuse of data, and less redundancy	Prepare summaries and reports using word processing and spreadsheet software. Transfer data from scheduling and time management package
Productivity Source	Task: Maintain audit programs, audit policies, and company audit and control policies and procedures
Productivity Source	Task: On-site review of audit and audit results with management and personnel within scope of audit
Productivity Source	Task: Prepare Personal Travel Expense REports, Review Audit Staff Reports, and Prepare Department Travel Reports
Productivity Source	Task: Review, Edit and Revise Audit Reports
Productivity Source	Task: Special Assignments for Analysis and Evaluations

Improving Efficiency with Information Technology: Templates

Templates are applicable to common tasks and activities
Templates apply the productivity concept of reuse
Templates illustrate the concept of investment and stream of benefits

Using Standard Templates

Typical standard templates provided with word processing and spreadsheet packages
Word Processor Spreadsheet

Business Letters Travel Expense Report

Fax Cover Sheet Time Card

Memos Invoice

Resumes Loan Analysis

Calendars Insurance Coverage Report

Reports Gantt chart

Academic papers

Developing and Using Custom Templates

Individual Responsibilities in Knowledge Work Systems
- Using Personal Information Management Infrastuctures to Support Work (hardware, software, data, communications facilities)
- Using Personal Systems to Systematize and Structure Work
- Accessing Information for Knowledge Work
- Managing Individual Knowledge Work
The Need for an Organizational Information Systems
- The Role of Information in the Organization
  Used in
  1. Product and services
  2. Business processes
  3. Knowledge work
- InfraStructures and Architectures of Organizational Information Systems
  1. Information technology infrastructure
  2. Data resources infrastructure
  3. Core applicaitons infrastructure
  4. Core information system personnel infrastructure
- Organizational Information Management Proceses
  1. Planning the system organization including technical and organizational components
  2. Developing, implementing, and maintaining the technology, data, and personnel infrastructures
  3. Developing and implementing applications for the core applications infrastructure
  4. Operating and maintaining the organizational system and its applicaitons
  5. Providing support for individual and departmental systems
- Organizational Information Management Functions
  need for standards and procedures governing activities such as accessing databases, using applications, and transferring data among applications and users
The Need for Individual Information Management Systems
- The Role of Individual Systems
  supports work performed by individuals or small groups that does not fit into an organization's system architecture or is not done frequently enough to justify an organizational system
  Classifications:
  1. routine / non-routine
  2. performed frequently / infrequently
  3. performed by individuals / small groups
- Infrastructures and Architectures of Individual Information Systems
  1. Individual information technology infrastructure - hardware, software, networking
  2. Individual data resources infrastructure
  3. Individual application software infrastructure
- Individual Information Management Proceses
  1. Planning the individual technical system
  2. Implementing and maintaining the individual technology and data infrastructures
  3. Acquiring and using software packages or developing and implementing individual, custom applications
  4. Operating and maintaining the individual systems and its applications
Relationship of Small Systems and Large System Planning and Development Processes
- Comparing Information System Planning Processes
- Comparing Application Development Processes
  Application development for large systems typically
  - separates developers from users
  - uses a formal process (system development life cycle
    1. feasibility study
    2. requirements determination
    3. design
    4. implementation
    5. installation
    6. maintenance
- Comparing System Development Risks
  In large systems, need a good analyst/user relationship

Word Processor	Spreadsheet
Business Letters	Travel Expense Report
Fax Cover Sheet	Time Card
Memos	Invoice
Resumes	Loan Analysis
Calendars	Insurance Coverage Report
Reports	Gantt chart
Academic papers