Data Encapsulation Continued
Typically data encapsulation is discussed in terms of five steps.
- Step One: data conversion – the network application generates a message and the data is converted into a standard data format at the upper layers
- Step Two: segmentation – the transport layer breaks the data into segments that can be handled by both the source and destination devices
- Step Three: packet creation – the network layer places the data into a packet or datagram and adds a network header
- Step Four: frame – the data packet is placed into a frame at the data link layer; the frame is defined by the type of network; the frame is actually a header and trailer
- Step Five: bit transmission – at the physical layer the frame is sent across the wire as bits; the ones and zeros are transmitted as pulses