A Quick Overview of TCP/IP Components

• Telnet, ssh: allows remote logins
• FTP, iXplorer: transfers files
• HTTP: World Wide Web
• SMTP: transfers electronic mail
• Post Office Protocol (POP): supports forwarding of e-mail
• Kerberos: security protocol that validates passwords and encryption schemes
• DNS: determines addresses from machine names (converts Internet machine names to IP addresses)
• SNMP: sends status message and problem reports about the network
  • agent - provides information about a device
  • manager - communicates across a network with agents
• NFS: enables directories on one machine to be mounted on another [developed by Sun Microsystems]
• RFC: set of functions that enables remote applications to communicate with a server
• TFTP (Trivial FTP): simple FTP that lacks security
• TCP: connection-based services
• UDP: connectionless services
• IP: handles transmission of information across networks
• ICMP: handles status message for IP

Some TCP/IP Tools

• ping - used to test if another computer is "alive"
• nslookup - checks records, domain host aliases, etc. by querying the Internet domain name servers
• tracert (traceroute) - traces the route taken to another computer on the Internet
• arp - displays the ARP (address resolution protocol) table on the local computer
• ifconfig, ipconfig, winipcfg - displays the current TCP/IP network configuration values; configure a network interface
• netstat - Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, netlink messages, and multicast memberships
• route - show / manipulate the IP routing table
• hostname - prints the name of the current host